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Leading partnerships

The United States is the main partner for Japan when it comes to internationally co-authored research in the Nature Index, as measured by bilateral collaboration score (BCS), followed by China, Germany, the United Kingdom and France.

Bar chart showing Japan's leading collaborations with other nations

Source: Nature Index. Data analysis by Bo Wu. Infographic by Simon Baker and Tanner Maxwell.

Shifting focus

In 2015, Japan had a very similar BCS with China (316.0) as it did with Germany (306.1). Since then, the partnership with China has grown more rapidly, reaching a BCS of 558.7 in 2021.

Line graph showing leading countries that collaborate with Japan by bilateral collaboration scores

Source: Nature Index. Data analysis by Bo Wu. Infographic by Simon Baker and Tanner Maxwell.

Subject strengths

The key international research partnerships involving Japan fluctuate across the four subject areas covered by the Nature Index. In chemistry, China was the leading partner in 2021 by BCS, but collaboration was strongest with the United States across other areas, and especially in life sciences.

Four bar charts showing Japan's collaborations in chemistry, physical sciences, life sciences & Earth and environmental sciences

Source: Nature Index. Data analysis by Bo Wu. Infographic by Simon Baker and Tanner Maxwell.

This article is part of Nature Index 2023 Japan, an editorially independent supplement. Advertisers have no influence over the content.



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